The Shakyamuni Buddha is artistically portrayed in the Bhumispara Mudra, extending his right hand to the earth in the gesture of witness. In this iconic pose, he is "calling the earth to witness" his triumphant victory over the enticements and illusions of the material world, symbolized by the demon Mara. Simultaneously, his left hand rests in his lap, its palm turned upward in the contemplative gesture of meditation (Dhyana Mudra). Some depictions also feature the Buddha holding the alms bowl typical of ordained Buddhist monks.
Within the bowl lies three precious nectars, symbolizing the Buddha's mastery over the three demons of uncontrolled death, contaminated aggregates, and delusion. This compelling posture is aptly known as "Buddha Shakyamuni Conquering the Demons," capturing the poignant moment of the Buddha's complete enlightenment beneath the Bodhi tree.